Linux samba命令用于Samba服务器控制。
samba为script文件，可启动，停止Samba服务器或回报目前的状态。
samba [start][stop][status][restart]
参数说明：
启动Samba
# samba start
Linux pppstats命令用于显示PPP连线状态。
利用pppstats(point to point protocol status)指令可让你得知PPP连接网络的相关信息。
pppstats [-adrv][-c<执行次数>][-w<间隔秒数>][网络界面]
参数说明：
显示ppp的了连接状态
# pppstats
Linux ping 命令用于检测主机。
执行 ping 指令会使用 ICMP 传输协议，发出要求回应的信息，若远端主机的网络功能没有问题，就会回应该信息，因而得知该主机运作正常。
ping [-dfnqrRv][-c<完成次数>][-i<间隔秒数>][-I<网络界面>][-l<前置载入>][-p<范本样式>][-s<数据包大小>][-t<存活数值>][主机名称或IP地址]
参数说明：
检测是否与主机连通
# ping www.30vps.com //ping主机 PING aries.m.alikunlun.com (114.80.174.110) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.025 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.110: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms --- aries.m.alikunlun.com ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 30 received, 0% packet loss, time 29246ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.021/0.035/0.078/0.011 ms //需要手动终止Ctrl+C
指定接收包的次数
# ping -c 2 www.30vps.com PING aries.m.alikunlun.com (114.80.174.120) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 114.80.174.120: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=6.18 ms 64 bytes from 114.80.174.120: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=15.4 ms --- aries.m.alikunlun.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1016ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 6.185/10.824/15.464/4.640 ms //收到两次包后，自动退出
多参数使用
# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 g.cn //ping主机 PING g.cn (203.208.37.104) 1024(1052) bytes of data. 1032 bytes from bg-in-f104.1e100.net (203.208.37.104): icmp_seq=0 ttl=243 time=62.5 ms 1032 bytes from bg-in-f104.1e100.net (203.208.37.104): icmp_seq=1 ttl=243 time=63.9 ms 1032 bytes from bg-in-f104.1e100.net (203.208.37.104): icmp_seq=2 ttl=243 time=61.9 ms --- g.cn ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 6001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 61.959/62.843/63.984/0.894 ms, pipe 2 [root@linux ~]# //-i 3 发送周期为 3秒 -s 设置发送包的大小 -t 设置TTL值为 255
Linux netstat 命令用于显示网络状态。
利用 netstat 指令可让你得知整个 Linux 系统的网络情况。
netstat [-acCeFghilMnNoprstuvVwx][-A<网络类型>][--ip]
参数说明：
显示详细的网络状况
# netstat -a
显示当前户籍UDP连接状况
# netstat -nu
显示UDP端口号的使用情况
# netstat -apu Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name udp 0 0 *:32768 *:* - udp 0 0 *:nfs *:* - udp 0 0 *:641 *:* 3006/rpc.statd udp 0 0 192.168.0.3:netbios-ns *:* 3537/nmbd udp 0 0 *:netbios-ns *:* 3537/nmbd udp 0 0 192.168.0.3:netbios-dgm *:* 3537/nmbd udp 0 0 *:netbios-dgm *:* 3537/nmbd udp 0 0 *:tftp *:* 3346/xinetd udp 0 0 *:999 *:* 3366/rpc.rquotad udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* 2986/portmap udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* 6938/cupsd udp 0 0 *:1022 *:* 3392/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 *:638 *:* 3006/rpc.statd
显示网卡列表
# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 181864 0 0 0 141278 0 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 3362 0 0 0 3362 0 0 0 LRU
显示组播组的关系
# netstat -g IPv6/IPv4 Group Memberships Interface RefCnt Group --------------- ------ --------------------- lo 1 ALL-SYSTEMS.MCAST.NET eth0 1 ALL-SYSTEMS.MCAST.NET lo 1 ff02::1 eth0 1 ff02::1:ff0a:b0c eth0 1 ff02::1
显示网络统计信息
Linux 命令大全# netstat -s
Ip:
184695 total packets received
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
184687 incoming packets delivered
143917 requests sent out
32 outgoing packets dropped
30 dropped because of missing route
Icmp:
676 ICMP messages received
5 input ICMP message failed.
ICMP input histogram:
destination unreachable: 44
echo requests: 287
echo replies: 345
304 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP output histogram:
destination unreachable: 17
echo replies: 287
Tcp:
473 active connections openings
28 passive connection openings
4 failed connection attempts
11 connection resets received
1 connections established
178253 segments received
137936 segments send out
29 segments retransmited
0 bad segments received.
336 resets sent
Udp:
5714 packets received
8 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
5419 packets sent
TcpExt:
1 resets received for embryonic SYN_RECV sockets
ArpFilter: 0
12 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
572 delayed acks sent
3 delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket
13766 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.
1101482 packets directly received from backlog
19599861 packets directly received from prequeue
46860 packets header predicted
14541 packets header predicted and directly queued to user
TCPPureAcks: 12259
TCPHPAcks: 9119
TCPRenoRecovery: 0
TCPSackRecovery: 0
TCPSACKReneging: 0
TCPFACKReorder: 0
TCPSACKReorder: 0
TCPRenoReorder: 0
TCPTSReorder: 0
TCPFullUndo: 0
TCPPartialUndo: 0
TCPDSACKUndo: 0
TCPLossUndo: 0
TCPLoss: 0
TCPLostRetransmit: 0
TCPRenoFailures: 0
TCPSackFailures: 0
TCPLossFailures: 0
TCPFastRetrans: 0
TCPForwardRetrans: 0
TCPSlowStartRetrans: 0
TCPTimeouts: 29
TCPRenoRecoveryFail: 0
TCPSackRecoveryFail: 0
TCPSchedulerFailed: 0
TCPRcvCollapsed: 0
TCPDSACKOldSent: 0
TCPDSACKOfoSent: 0
TCPDSACKRecv: 0
TCPDSACKOfoRecv: 0
TCPAbortOnSyn: 0
TCPAbortOnData: 1
TCPAbortOnClose: 0
TCPAbortOnMemory: 0
TCPAbortOnTimeout: 3
TCPAbortOnLinger: 0
TCPAbortFailed: 3
TCPMemoryPressures: 0
显示监听的套接口
# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:32769 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:nfs *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:644 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:1002 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:netbios-ssn *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 vm-dev:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:telnet *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:601 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:microsoft-ds *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:32768 *:* udp 0 0 *:nfs *:* udp 0 0 *:641 *:* udp 0 0 192.168.0.3:netbios-ns *:* udp 0 0 *:netbios-ns *:* udp 0 0 192.168.0.3:netbios-dgm *:* udp 0 0 *:netbios-dgm *:* udp 0 0 *:tftp *:* udp 0 0 *:999 *:* udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* udp 0 0 *:1022 *:* udp 0 0 *:638 *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10621 @/tmp/fam-root- unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7096 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 9792 /tmp/.gdm_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 9927 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10489 /tmp/ssh-lbUnUf4552/agent.4552 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10558 /tmp/ksocket-root/kdeinit__0 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10560 /tmp/ksocket-root/kdeinit-:0 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10570 /tmp/.ICE-unix/dcop4664-1270815442 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10843 /tmp/.ICE-unix/4735 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10591 /tmp/ksocket-root/klauncherah3arc.slave-socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7763 /var/run/iiim/.iiimp-unix/9010 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11047 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-1291-0-1e92c8082411 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11053 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-128e-0-dc070659cbb3 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8020 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 58927 /tmp/mcop-root/vm-dev-2c28-4beba75f unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7860 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7658 /dev/gpmctl unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10498 @/tmp/dbus-s2MLJGO5Ci
Linux wall命令会将讯息传给每一个 mesg 设定为 yes 的上线使用者。当使用终端机介面做为标准传入时, 讯息结束时需加上 EOF (通常用 Ctrl+D)。
使用权限：所有使用者。
wall [ message ]
传讯息"hi" 给每一个使用者
wall hi
广播消息
# wall Ilove Broadcast message from root (pts/4) (Thu May 27 16:41:09 2014): Ilove
Linux dnsconf命令用于设置DNS服务器组态。
dnsconf实际上为linuxconf的符号连接，提供图形截面的操作方式，供管理员管理DNS服务器。
dnsconf [--deldomain<域>][--delsecondary<域>][--newdomain<域>][--set<主机><IP>][--setcname<CNAME><主机>][--setmx<域><主机>][--setns<域><主机>][--unset<主机>]
参数说明：
Linux mesg命令用于设置终端机的写入权限。
将mesg设置y时，其他用户可利用write指令将信息直接显示在您的屏幕上。
mesg [ny]
参数：
允许其他用户发信息到当前终端。
root 的终端
# mesg y //在这个终端设置允许发送消息
其他普通用户的终端：
$ write root pts/4 hello hello EOF //Ctrl+D 结束输入
root 的终端 终端显示
# Message from root@w3cschool.cc (as hnlinux) on pts/5 at 14:48 ... hello EOF
Linux minicom命令用于调制解调器通信程序。
minicom是一个相当受欢迎的PPP拨号连线程序。
minicom [-8lmMostz][-a<on或0ff>][-c<on或off>][-C<取文件>][-d<编号>][-p<模拟终端机>][-S<script文件>][配置文件]
参数说明：
Linux ifconfig命令用于显示或设置网络设备。
ifconfig可设置网络设备的状态，或是显示目前的设置。
ifconfig [网络设备][down up -allmulti -arp -promisc][add<地址>][del<地址>][<hw<网络设备类型><硬件地址>][io_addr<I/O地址>][irq<IRQ地址>][media<网络媒介类型>][mem_start<内存地址>][metric<数目>][mtu<字节>][netmask<子网掩码>][tunnel<地址>][-broadcast<地址>][-pointopoint<地址>][IP地址]
参数说明：
显示网络设备信息
# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:0A:0B:0C
inet addr:192.168.0.3 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe0a:b0c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:172220 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:132379 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:87101880 (83.0 MiB) TX bytes:41576123 (39.6 MiB)
Interrupt:185 Base address:0x2024
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:2022 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2022 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2459063 (2.3 MiB) TX bytes:2459063 (2.3 MiB)
启动关闭指定网卡
# ifconfig eth0 down # ifconfig eth0 up
为网卡配置和删除IPv6地址
# ifconfig eth0 add 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/ 64 //为网卡设置IPv6地址 # ifconfig eth0 del 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/ 64 //为网卡删除IPv6地址
用ifconfig修改MAC地址
# ifconfig eth0 down //关闭网卡 # ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE //修改MAC地址 # ifconfig eth0 up //启动网卡 # ifconfig eth1 hw ether 00:1D:1C:1D:1E //关闭网卡并修改MAC地址 # ifconfig eth1 up //启动网卡
配置IP地址
# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.56 //给eth0网卡配置IP地址 # ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 // 给eth0网卡配置IP地址,并加上子掩码 # ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 // 给eth0网卡配置IP地址,加上子掩码,加上个广播地址
启用和关闭ARP协议
# ifconfig eth0 arp //开启 # ifconfig eth0 -arp //关闭
设置最大传输单元
# ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500 //设置能通过的最大数据包大小为 1500 bytes
Linux httpd命令是Apache HTTP服务器程序。
httpd为Apache HTTP服务器程序。直接执行程序可启动服务器的服务。
httpd [-hlLStvVX][-c<httpd指令>][-C<httpd指令>][-d<服务器根目录>][-D<设定文件参数>][-f<设定文件>]
参数说明：
检查配置文件语法错误
# httpd -t httpd: Could not determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName Syntax OK
启动httpd
httpd httpd: Could not determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
显示编译模块
# httpd -l Compiled in modules: core.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_so.c
显示配置文件
# httpd -L>1.log|tail -n 20 1.log Maximum number of children alive at the same time Allowed in *.conf only outside , or ServerLimit (prefork.c) Maximum value of MaxClients for this run of Apache Allowed in *.conf only outside , or KeepAliveTimeout (http_core.c) Keep-Alive timeout duration (sec) Allowed in *.conf only outside , or MaxKeepAliveRequests (http_core.c) Maximum number of Keep-Alive requests per connection, or 0 for infinite Allowed in *.conf only outside , or KeepAlive (http_core.c) Whether persistent connections should be On or Off Allowed in *.conf only outside , or LoadModule (mod_so.c) a module name and the name of a shared object file to load it from Allowed in *.conf only outside , or LoadFile (mod_so.c) shared object file or library to load into the server at runtime Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
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